As temperatures drop and wind chills become severe, the risk of frostbite increases. Dr. Steven Deliduka, a board-certified dermatologist, emphasizes the importance of recognizing frostbite symptoms and understanding the risk factors.
Signs and Stages of Frostbite:
- Common Risk Factors:
- Poor circulation history, certain medications, alcohol consumption, smoking, and exposure to wind and water increase the risk of frostbite.
- Symptoms:
- Initial symptoms include numbness and tingling, often affecting fingers, toes, ears, cheeks, and nose.
- Stages:
- Superficial Frostbite (1st degree):
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- White, waxy, cold skin; may turn red and peel after rewarming.
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- Partial-thickness Frostbite (2nd degree):
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- Numb, hard-to-touch skin; indentation may persist after poking.
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- Full-thickness Frostbite (3rd degree):
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- White or frozen solid skin tissue; severe cases result in blackened, dead tissue.
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Frostbite Prevention and COVID-19 Masks:
- Dress appropriately for temperatures.
- Cover exposed skin.
- Face masks, including COVID-19 masks, may not provide sufficient warmth; opt for thicker masks like winter balaclavas when outdoors.
Frostbite Treatment:
- Immediate Steps:
- Seek shelter and warmth.
- Remove wet clothing.
- Gently rewarm frostbitten skin with lukewarm water.
- Avoid hot water, and do not rub the affected area.
- If frostbite affects feet or toes, minimize walking to prevent further damage.
- Severe Frostbite:
- Seek immediate medical attention.
- Severe cases may lead to loss of tissue, requiring professional frostbite treatment.
By understanding frostbite symptoms, stages, and preventive measures, individuals can protect themselves in cold weather and respond promptly to mitigate potential damage.